Speed comfutator



Sept. 18, 1945.

J. R. NIEMAN SPEED COMPUTATOR Filed April 10, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet l Ihmentor Gttorneg Sept. 18, 1945. J. R. NIEMAN SPEED COMRUTATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 10, 1944 r 0 .r. n e D n 3 Gttorneg Patented Sept. 18, 1945 John R. Nieman, .Peoria,

Ill., .assignor to ,Do'lores ,Ellen Nieman, Peoriag lll. application April :10, 1944, .Serial 1N o..2530,=319

8 Claims.

This invention relates to calculating devices and has for an object to provide a mechanismsuch that an operator, while seated upon'either a moving orstationary vehicle, or while said device is'in a stationary position and detached from his vehicle, may accurately ascertain the speed of a second vehicle ,for traffic law enforce- 'ment purposes, and may similarly ascertain the speed of other moving objects formany useful purposes. v

A further object ofithe invention is 'to provide a speed computator for the above stated purposes, arranged to compensate for the speed of travel of an automobile providedwith the device of the present invention, and with respect to a second andzmoving automobile at times When the latter "is'under observation by said operator. Said deviceto be operative without regard to the direction of travel of said second vehicle with respect to the first mentioned automobile.

Another object of the inventionis to provide adevice for the above stated purposes which is adapted to check the speed of airplanes and other moving objects with equal facility, as an ascertaining of the speed of motor driven vehicles.

A still further object of the present invention is to eliminate the necessity, as heretofore, of traffic patrolmen using their unaided judgment in arriving .at a decision concerning the speed at which a motorist is traveling.

An important object of the present invention is to eliminate the necessity of atrafiic patrolman trailing a motorist for vascertaining the .speed of the latter.

Other andfurtherobjects and advantages of the invention will be obvious from the following detailed description thereof.

In.,.the drawings, Figure 1 is a view of a range finder employed and showing the latter mounted in a position of .use behind-a fragment of the transparent wind-shield of a motor vehicle or automobile. V

Figure .2 is alongitudinal section of the range findershown in Figure 1, certain lenses'employed being illustrated diagrammatically, the range finder being turned 90 degrees with respect to the showing thereof-in Figure 1.

"Figure '3 is a face view of an attaching plate, having mounted thereon certainactuating mechanism employed for adjusting one of the lenses of the range finder, andshowingthe relative position of parts at 'timeswhen the finder is adjusted or set for a distance of 500 Yards.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, and showing said actuating mechanism adjusted or set for a distance of 250 yards.

=Figure 5 is a vertical section-of :aspeed'dial and adjunct parts employed, the view being taken approximately on line-i-S of Figure 6'.

FigllIeGis a face'view of the speed-dial shown in Figure 5, certain portions thereof being broken away and othersrepresented bydotted lines.

"Figure 7-is asideelevation of one'of a plurality of speed compensating discs employed.

Figure '8 is an edge viewofthe disc shown in I Figure 7.

As heretofore practiced in the art, it is well known "that arguments andmistakes are occasionallymade duringza trial oftrafiic lawviolators accused of S eeding, whereby court's make erroneous a-judications-sihce a traffic o'fiicers speedometer may be at a variance with thespeedometer of the vehicle of an ofiender. Also, as heretofore practiced, no means have been provided for observinga' speed violator from -'a distance, and the; present invention aims -to provide means for obviatingtheundesirable features of the-prior practice.

'Primarily-the combination o'f-the present invention includes a range f nder or opticaldevice provided with a suitable translucent screen for displaying images of moving objects thereonj a speed dial havingslpaced-apart'sets of numerals disposed adjacent the peripherythereof; a suitable watch mechanism for'causing anindicator to m ove; over saidsetsand stopadjacent one set for indicating speeds of moving objects; means for initiating an actuation "of said stop watch mechanism and indicator;said actuating means being 50 arranged thatjit performs threepurposes; namely, 'f or causing a stoppage of said indicator,

astartingthereof andia return of the -indicator to 7 its starting positlion after said stoppage, and means for causing 3161188 of said range finder or ,optical j'devi'ceto shift at certain time s, "responsive toanactuation of said stop-watchmechanism, and at times whenthe shifting means is I unlatched.

Also the device of thepresent invention preferably includes a me'ansfifor' compensating for the speed pf movement of :a traflic ofiicers vehicle at timesgwhejnthe device of the present invention is attachedgthereto as showninFigure 1,ffor certainuses ,of the. invention. In the drawings tflindicates generally a range finder such as or similar to that certain range finder shown and described in the booklet published by the War Department .of (the .United States of America, the title of which is "Technical 2 Manual, TM 9-1585, May 23, 1941, concerning ordnance maintenance and range finders and the like, said publication being for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., price cents per copy. 7

The. particular range-finder device employed with other instrumentalities in the combination of the present invention is, however, slightly modified with respect to the range finder of said publication, saidmodification being primarily as herein stated.

The range finder or optical device employed in the combination of the present invention differs from the range finder described in the said publication in the following respects:

One end or a half portion of the range finder of the publication is the same as the range finder vex mirror IS, the latter being disposed inclinedly with respect to the alignment of the lenses I6, I1, and I8. The inlined mirror I9 causes the image to be projected upon a frosted glass or similar translucent screen 20, at a right angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the housing II,

and since the mirror I9 is of convexed contour,

said image becomes magnified on the screen. The imageof said object, reflected from the mirror I9, is indicated at 2I in Figure 1, said image being depicted in the form of an automobile as outlined in said figure. A collecting or condensing lens I9 is preferably employed as shown.

of the present invention and the other half .por-

tion or end thereof is the same except that a correction lens similar to the correction lens in' the other end of the finder, has been inserted between the observation lens thereof and the measuring wedge-shaped lens so that all lightmy images gathered by the range finder from both ends of the latter will be projected onto a screen employed in a right-side-up position. Another difierence between the two range finders is 7 that the center occular prisms of the range finder of said publication have been omitted and two concavo-convex mirrors have been substituted therefor, for the purpose of magnifying images as well as for projecting them upon a screen ern ployed. l

A-still further dfiference is that the eye piece of the range finder of the publication has been omitted since it is too small for the particular use -in the instant combination with the other instrumentalities of the present invention and in lieu of said eye piece, a frosted glass screen of comparatively large area is substituted for said eyepiece whereby an operator of a motor vehicle, while seated at the steering wheel thereof, may visualize images upon the said screen without interfering with his operation of the vehicle.

Since the minutiae of a conventional range finder, such as is described in the said publication description or. illustration herein.

The range finder I0 includes an elongated tubular, housing II, having an opening I2 at one end thereof, and a similar opening I3 at its other end. As best shown in Figure 2, the openings I2 and I3 are disposed in parallelism with respect to-the longitudinal length of the housing II, and may be covered with clear optical glass for preventing debris from entering the housing.

Two pentaprisms, I4 and I5, are provided adjacent the openings I2 and I3 respectively. The pentaprisms in operative effect are mirrors so disposed that light-ray images which enter through said openings are projected at a right angle and longitudinally of the housing II, toward the center of the latter. An image of an object, moving or stationary, reflected from the mirror I5, is projected to and through an object lens I6 axially of the 'lattenwhereby the image becomes reduced in area; 'Said'image-ray, upon passing through thflens I6, is projected onto and through a correction lens IT. The lens I'I causes the image to appear'righvside up'at the time said image is displayed for view upon a'later described screen. From the lens 'I I, said light-ray image is projected through awedge-shaped shiftable lens I8.

The light-ray image, upon passing through the slideable'lens I8, is projected upon a concavo-con is well known, it is believed not to need a detailed The screen 20 is disposed at and supported by the wider end of a flared hood 2!), and in parallelism with the longitudinal axis of the housing II.

The narrower open end of the hood is suitably secured to or is integral with said housing.

Light-ray images gathered by and projected from the pentaprism or mirror I I are similarly reflected and projected to thescreen 20, through an arrangement of lenses indicated at 22, 23, and 24. A second concavo-convex magnifying mirror 25' is employed, as shown in Figure 2, for pro jecting images from the mirror I4, as received 7 through the opening I2, upon the suitable screen The image indicated at 26, in Figure 1, is refiected from and magnified by the mirror 25, whereby at times the images 2I and 2B are rep licas of each other or dual images disposed side by side at times on the screen. At other times, said images are blended together into a coincidence by means and forpurposes later described.

' The lenses above mentioned are all stationary in use, with respect to the housing II, with the exception of the shiftable lens I8. The lens I8 is movable longitudinally of the housing Ilfby means of a rod 21. An up-turned end of the rod 21- extends through a slot 28, formed through the wall of the tubular housing I I. That end'oi the rod 21, whichis disposed within the housing, is provided with a ball 29. The ball is engaged in a socket of complemental shape formed in the lens holder 30, for the lens I8, whereby at times when the rod 21 is moved longitudinally in either direction, a corresponding movement 'is imparted to the lens holder 30, since'the holder 30 is slideably disposed with respect to theinner surface of the housing for supporting the wedgeshaped lens I8, as best shown in Figure 2.

In Figure 2, the lens I8 is in a normal posi tion, and when in said normal position, at times when images of an object are projected to the screen 20, and said object is not at the exact distance away from the rangefinder for which the latter is set, said images appearing on the screen will be juxtaposed as shown in Figure 1, at 2| and 26. At times when the images as shown in Figure 1 have blended together into a single image and have merged into coincidence, the lens I8 may be shifted by an operator so as to cause dual images to reappear so that an object or vehicle under observation, upon continuing its travel, may again cause the images on screen the arran ement rbeing such :thatxthe :Onerator presses a later describedihnttonriorzactuatingzthe stop-watchat thextime :the :images 3-2l and-$25 blend :together iinto .;coincidence, and :again presses saidbutton for sto ping :the mechanism ofcthe stop-watch:at:the;tizne:said!images&become blended ztogether ith second rtime. .By this rarrangementfltherelis expiration eofrran intervahof timexbetweenitheifirst second blending toauthor ;or coincidence ithe imag s- .iAlSO, :the zmechanismiis :such that said interval offtime accurately measuredmrherebyithespeed of the vehicle under obseruationirmayabemadily computed. misc, by means. pf sets of innmerals preferably. employed and described. with other :parts iof. therpresent (intention, said measurementrof ,said ztimetis :conveniently translated into a miles-per-hour speed atvwhenysaid SBtSiGfIIIllXIIGIfilS-Lfll-B.emplflyfii lnsorderito :move ;the rod 221 and the dens 1138. towardtthe :prism $15, :for ;causing dual ,imagesto appear ,on :the screen .20, ithatend :of I the rod 2,1,, which is disposed toward .the @prism i4, is :DiYQtally gattachedias at.:3 l to;.arotatablespringhousing-member or,=knob:3;2. .dktztimes whenztheihonsing 32 is eausedzto, rotates-about;l20:degx:ees,the

pivot 3i and ,the :rod ,2! are. thereby moved i'i-rom' the position thereof .showningiigure-B, ;to :the position :thereof shown iniFigure :4, gforrcausing arcorrespon'ding. movement f theilens-zl 8,.ilorzthe above -;described purpose :of :causing dual images on the screen 120.

The ,member' 3 2 is irotatable :about 20 de rees at times when :awpush-rOd :33 :ismoved in the direction of the arrow. Also, ithewmemberiili may be directly and manually arotated :jfor ;purposes later described. One end of the push-rod scrlbedspring andathe push-rod :33 to ione side of fdead center :of' :the zpivot tpin wof the'shousingifl, aszshoiwniin Figures 3iandril. The housing aor knob 52 pivotally mounted as at 3 K, Ito san attaching: plate rthe flatter be mg provided :with apertures 38 star receiving 3gvitherethrough, wherehy' zthe mlate may be -readily attached to theiouterisideiof ;the range finder housing gkl asshown in .di'igure :1.

The housing 32 is incised preferably, wherebysa later described spring ts disposed within the slot td-provided by the incision, that; the spring is protected againstbreakage-and:oontact with extraneous objects. dheupper endof the push-rod 33 extends into the slot 40, of the housing 32. The housing 32- provided with an outstandi'ng armlfl, to which the'pivot-pin -3 l is attached for securing *the above-described rod ll-thereto.

Adjacent'the upper end of the push-rod 33, -t-he latter 'is secured to a spring 4-2. 0ne end of the spring 42 is' bent around "the pin 35, and thelatter attaches the push-rod 33 totheknob 32. The spring 42 is in-"the form of a wire having a coil 43. The other'end ofthespring is bentraround and "secured to a second pin 4'4 the-latter being secured to .themember 32. The ends of the spring-42 are thus rotatable, slidingl-y 'on their respectivepins i Attimegwhentherod -33 ismoved in the-directionof the 'arrow"34,;:the two ends oft-he spring 42...are.moved towardeach otheruntilthey assume the approximate position thereof, shown by "the dotted; linesj45,,in i, ure 3. About the time the springassumes .the. iormshownby the dottedvline c mmand ,positionjthereoi, indicated ati'45, 'the urge ontheeon 4-3 of thesnr na exerted. onlthe pin '44 causes the latter and the housingf32 to revolve :in lithe directionofithe arrowl, a suddenly applied motiongcausing the :member u to rotatelapproximately L20degmes, therebwcausing the parts ito assume the positions thereof, as shown inl 'igiired. 1

'Upon the-perimeter of the housing or knob 9. lug 4! is provided which .is adapted Etc strike a stop 48, for preventing too great a rotation of the housing in 'a :direction :reverse tovarron'r 45; The -stop 48 is rigidly Xafiixed to ithe stationary plate 3-1. 1 v 1 3A5 *times when the housing '32 ,is rotate'd in the direction of'the -arrow '46, the -lug 141 strikesithe upper side of a tiltabledetent-lever 19, causing one end of said lever to move downwardly) against the urge of aspring 50, until such:time=as the iug 41 is below the -detent 49. =As s0'on as the l'ugfifl is below the detent, the spring T50 -'causes the-detent-to assumea-hori zontal position, andnsecand stop 5| is provided upon the ifaoe of -':the' attaching plate *3], for preventing the springisll from urging the end of the lever which contacts the lug- 41, to be above a horizontal position.

'By this means, at 'timeswhen the lug 41- is against the lower side of theadjacent'endof the lever 43, a movement of the housing 32, in:a:direction reverse to the direction-of the arrow 46, is prevented. Also, at times when the operato-r-:desires, to release the detent llever' 4'9, for purposes later described, the operator places his finger under the end 52 of the lever 49,forovercoming the urge of the spring '50, for tilting the'lerer 49 toward avertical position whereby thelugnfl can return to its normal position against the stop 48. l

At times when the lug 41' is below the IBVer- AS, said lug "and lever are then in'the'position shown in Figure 4, and the rod 21 has moved the lens: l8 awayfrom the mirror [9, for causingthe lens l8 tobe returnedto'its normal position.

At 'timeswhen the lug 41 is against -thelever' 49, as shown in "Figure 4, the spring 42 isthen inthe full line position thereof, as shown'in Figure 4, and in order to cause the member 32 .to rotate in a direction reverse to the arrow 46,:for returning the'lens I8 to its normal position, the operator first releases the detent-lever :49 with his finger asabove described, whereupon thecoil 43 causes ,the spring 42 to expand, thereby causing the member 32 tobe-rotated to anormal position as shown in Figure 3.

The action of the spring '42 for rotating the member 32 is very similar to the action of the spring of the conventional mechanism-employed for opening and closing the shutter disposed across the lens of a camera.

Referring to Figure '6, the present invention preferably further includes a casing o 'back plate 53, provided with a plurality ofoutstanding apertured tangs 54. Bolts or other suitable keepers 55are disposed through the apertures of the tan-gs 54, for securing the casing 53 in a stationaryvertical position to the dash-board 55 of an -automobile, the latter being generallyindicatedatifl. The casing 53 isprovided with a boss 58, having an aperture 59, in Which a shaft 60 is journaled. The inner end of the shaft is rigidly secured to a large pinion 6!, the latter having an annular row of teeth 62. The face of the pinion 6! is provided with an aperture 83 which, as shown bydottedlines in Figure 6, is of segmental arouate contour inplan for receivingtherethrough a later described lever for permitting-the-pinion to shiftabout degrees without contacting said lever. W ---f The teeth 62 of the pinion are in constant mesh with the. teeth of, a plurality of ;1spur whee1s;.'64, eleven of thelatter being preferably employed. a

.Asbestjshown in Figure 5,1 each spurywheel is provided with an axle-shaft 65,:rigidlyfsecurd thereto. Each shaft 65 extends through thejoppositely disposed; spaced-apart side-walls 66 and 61 of an annularchannel-ring 61 and ,theilatter is secured to thegin'ner surface offaasneed dial plate 68;for supportingthe spur wheels i 45, between the walls of the channel. The plate) a corresponding movement is imparted tothe spurwheels 64, for rotating the discs, 1llA- th pl h K, correspondingly and simultaneously. ;The discs are all alike with respect to eachother with the exception that numerals, indicated generally at 10', disposed on the perimeter oi-the=discsare notthesame.

Thus, the disc 10A shown in Figure 6, has ;the numerals or characters 0, 2 0, 40, 50, 6 0,. an 1.' 70, disposed in spaced-apart sequence on its: perimetrical edge, and three of the successive spaces of the disc A are blank; similarly, the disc Hi3 is-provided with the numerals 0, 10, 30, 50,69, 70, and 80, and two spaces are blank; the disc 'HlC, is provided with :the numerals 0, 10, 20,- 40,l60, '70, 80, 90, and one blank space; the disc Jill? is provided withthe numerals 0, 10, -20, -3 0,; 50," 70, 80, 90, and 100, and none of the spaces thereof are blank; the disc HE is providedrwith the-nu;

merals 10, 20, so, 40, 60, 80, 9o,- 1 oo,-a a.i1 o,'

some of which are depictedinFigure-y the disc 10F is provided with the numerals -20, 30, -.l0 ,;0, '70, 90, 100, 110, and the disc 10G is provided with the numerals 30. 40, 50,60,60 100,- 1d 120,: and the disc NIH is provided ,withthe merals 40, 50,60, 70, 90, 110,-120, J30, and 140.}. the disc MI-is provided with thenumerals50,'i,60, '70, 80, 100, 120, 130, and the disc'lllllrl is provided with the numerals 70, 8Q,Y90,,1 O0,"1"20, 140, 150, and 1-70; and the disc 10K.iis .;pro-' vided with the numerals 100,.1-10, 120;130,.15Q, .l7Q,

180, 190, and 200. The above described, sets of numerals and their discs are adequate fonuse in'ascertaning the speed of road Vehicles and: th like, and itwill-be understood that forairplane use, further discs which contain numerals of big lib} ,2

er value, may be employed. w l The face of the speed dial 68 is-provided with eleven apertures 'II of rectangular shape ingplan, through which only the numerals of the discs, .TElj A;

through K, which are exposed to view through said openings, are visible, the othernunierals of said discsbeing masked by the dialplate 58,

until such time asthe discs are, rotatedfond is playing said other numerals through sz id tipene ine Y 1 The plate 68 is in operative efiecta large a a for the smaller face or dial face ofeavlater ,de--. scribed stop watch, said-large face or-wplate fid being necessary "for supporting the revoluble discs 10A through K, and their driver spur;wheels 84'" The openings '11 and the-discsllll ar gressively spaced apart farther and iaither,

respect to each other, and witlr'respect.to;- 6f. '1

zero character 99 provided on the'faceipla'te as shown in Figure 1, said character 99 be ng theinormal position and starting point of a later described revoluble indicator 83, which: cooperates with the openings Hand the numerals. of

the discs 10A through K, for designating the speedoftravelof an object for a distance of 250 yards.

The indicator 83 and its supporting hand 82 are rotated over the openings 'Il ina-clockwise direction by a'stopwatch 80, and the spacing of the openings H are complemental to the speed of movement of :the indicator hand 82 for mease uring thespeed of movementlof an object traveling at :150 miles per-hour,-or. 20 miles per hour,

and all intermediate speeds.

Referring to Figure 6, pillow-blocks l2 and" are illustrated by means of dotted lines.. The blocks are secured to 'the'inner surface of the speed-dial plate 68 for providing a journaled supportfor ashaft 14. r 1

Between the pillow blocks, a pinion 15 of suit- I, able diameter is rigidly secured to the shaft" and the pinion I5 is in constant mesh with the teeth 62 of the large pinion 6|, whereby, at times, when a rotary movement is imparted to the shaft 14 and the smaller pinion 15, the latter drives the large pinion 6| correspondingly for impartinga revolvable movement to the spur wheels 64 for rotating the above described eleven discs 10A to K inclusive, in a selected direction.

The outer end of the shaft 14 is splined or' otherwise suitably secured tora manually rotatable speed compensating nodelt, the latter being provided on its perimetrical annular surface'with certain spaced-apart numerals,.which are: '20, 30,: 40, and 50,"disp0sed at one side of a zero character'thereon, and a similar set of numerals at the other side 'ofsaid character as shown in Figure 6. I,

.The speed-dial'and its adjunct parts are generally indicated at 1 1. The upper portion of the ve'rticallydisposed node 1.6 is used in conjunction with on-coming automobiles or objects during an approach thereof, toward .an observer seated within the automobile 51. .That portion' of the node 16 which is below said zero character constitutes the lowerportion of said node, and said lower portion is used in conjunction with automobiles which are traveling away from said observer, V, An indicator. mark or line [8 is provided onr the faceof the speed-dialplatefl, adjacenta side edgepof the speed-compensating node l li, ,as shown in Figure 6, for convenience-inaligning any certain one of the numerals ofj the-node l6 properly for uses aslater described. s a

At times when the node 16 is manuallyrotated by the operator, a corresponding movement is ap-I plied to the pinion, for caus ng the large" pinion Glto rotate slightly for shifting vthe discs-10A;

through K, correspondingly. -At timeswhenthe A vehicle 51 is traveling at a speed of 20 miles hour, as ascertained by observing =the conv'en tional speedometer 19.01? the vehicle 5],. and the' operator, desires to know the speed; oftravel of a vehicle or object which is coming toward said operatorrotates the node'lfiso that thenu meral 20 of the upper portion of the node- 'lig be comes aligned with the indicatonor i'n'arkfll, whereby the numerals on the discs 10 become;

shifted from theirlnormal, position as shownjin Figure 6, so that said numerals appearing through the openings or apertures ll of the dial face;

become correspondingly reduced in value by Similarly for noting the speed'of a vehicle or object which is' goingaway' from the operator-and; i e ifwhea hi le, t ave i g milesrper: hour; the operatorishiftsithe node 116 so that the; numeral 'of the lower portion of the nodes 16: becomes aligned :with. the. indicator or marks"; for increasing theavalue of the numerals of 5 the. discs' 18:: correspondingly, so that the: speed. of thewehicle 5.1 compensated for during: anascertainingof the. speedLQf a trafiic lawwiolatorfs vehicle; andithe: speed of said .violator isacorrectly gauged byv theuemployment of said: range findenandiother partsofthe invention:v

Referring tQJFigureFB, between the speed-dial face: plate? 68-,- andrthe: casing; 53; .azstop-watch. 80. is; secured to"; the. inner surface: of the speed-dial plate Bit-by any-suitable-meansrnot shown.

From the .housing or casingxofi thestop-watch 80; a; shaft .81: extends,- said shaft being rotatable;

by saidrmechanism ofithe watcirin-a clockwise direction. .The outer endof: the shaft. 85l. extends outwardly? of, the face; of. thespeed-dial; plate 68,

an-dziatv hand;.82.=- is rigidlysecureditozthe shaft 8|,

said handphaving-arr, indicator-end: 83: of acute shape; in: plan,, being revolvable by the mech' anism of the stop-watch at times whenactuationof the watch is initiatedby an operator. An aperture 84 is provided through the speed-dial plate: 68,. through which: an key 85;-. may. be inserted .for. winding the: mam-spring of" the stopwatch mechanism: in: aa wellknown: manner, at times when thehandzfl is in: a: stationary. and HOI'IIIZIIDOSifiOH;

The; stopewatchimeohanism 88 hastheusual' triple-acting? detenttherein: for: preventing the mainespring on the? stoptewatch from revolving the shazft: 8.l;. andifor permitting the: same: At.

timesswhenv said-detent is released; said spring causes-tthezindicatorr 82 tozr'evolve-over the annularr row of spaced+apartz sets: of. numerals: adj a-- cent the perimeter: on the speed-dial plate 68/ The? stop-watch mechanism also" includes a plunger 8.8; for releasing". said: detent by a movement; of; saittplunger; and the: latter, and said detent-"are: so arranged: that'a second: and later stroke of said plunger'thereby stops the watch mechanism and.itirvshaiit 85!.v Since saidmechanismiand thex'detent withinthestop-watch are conventional; theyarezbelieved' not to needa particular illustration herein.

A length of pianoewire'; 8:1ris employed, having an. end joined to-the. plunger 86. of. the watch mechanism for actuating. the detent within thewatch. The piano wire 8T is, slidably. disposed through a flexible conduit 88' which. extends through. an. elongated arcuate-aperture 89, provided. through the large shiftable pinion 61 for permitting the pinion to. shift; Also,-,the-conduit 88" extends through an. aperture '90. provided through the back-plate 53. of. the speed-dial casing; being soldered Or. otherwise suitably secured.

totlie wall ofthe aperture 9.0;

The outer free-end. of'the, semi-flexible piano wire" is provided with a pushebuttonflj,saidwire extending through. a fingers-hold. flange. 92, the construction being similar, to. theshutter. actuat-. ingwire and mechanism of. aconventional. cam..- era. At times when the button 9| is pressed toward the stop-watch 80., the wire slides within the conduit 88 andv causesthe detent within: the stop-watchto.beactuated;

One endjofa swingable lever 9.3} is pivotally secured? to the plunger as; as. at MIv Between the ends of the lever. 83,.the1atteris'pivetally mounted, as at 9.5,, to an. arm-support. 96.. The arm 95 is rigidly secured to the inner surface oi the.

speed-dialplate 68..

' speederappea'rson said screen, said time bein at,

An: outer endof: the: lever 83 ispivotally connected, as .at91; to the heretofore described push-v pull? orrreacherod 33, whereby an -inward movement. of the piano; wire 8:! for depressing: the plunger-8,6 for actuating. the detent; within the stopwatch mechanism .810; simultaneously causing. amupwarimovementof the reaoh=rod3$ for rotating the :knob or spring housing-32mg above described; forrcausing a cor-respondin movement tosbeapplied to :the lens; I 82' Thelcver: 913 extends through the: above; mentioned segmental arcuate aperture 53; and? also.- through; anaperture 98; provided through thecasingg53i Irr; theuseorthedevice; a trafiic oificer vehicle is .parkedor: movingtupona streetorthighpies-respectivelynumbered:1; 2; 3; 4,,and 5,.; In

Examples; 1, 2; and 3; the:oflicer?s-:0n operator s vehicle-is istationary and the meansrfoncemmna sating; for-the speedrof: movement-of said {vehicle is notutilized. InzExamples sand 4; the userof' said compensatingmeans-dsstated:

Ezampl'ei The patrolmans vehicle is parkedi statienarv;..

andv all. parts. of. the device-are in a; normals nosi-a tion, and a vehicle is approaching the stationarw device of the present invention, for ascertaining the speed of said approaching vehicle, the operation is as follows: At; thetime the oncoming speeder is 500yards from the ofiicer, imagesgof the speeding vehicle will be in coincidence on th'e screen 20, since theshiftablelensQlB is in'a no1f, mal position, complemental to said 500. yardstdistance, At this time, the bifurcated knob-32iis in the relative position with respectto the other. parts ofthe deviceasshown in Figure 3; wherebv the arm 4| of the' knob' 32 isina downward popsition.

Atthe-time the initial dual images, 2 landi 26; of the speeder'appearing on saidscreen merge or blend into coincidence, and'one image of said the time the speeder-is 500-yards distance from thesaid optical device lfl'and operator;,as above. described, the operator atsaid instant of coinch dence presses the button 9| toward the stopwatch which causesan actuation, of the latter, releasing the detent within said watch. which,

causes the indicator83 and its hand 82"tojrievolve,

in a clock-wise direction from its initialstationarv position above the character zero, indicatediat 98-; said movement of the button 9,] simultaneous,- 1y causing the lens l8 of the rangerfinder tozloea shifted through the above described; meansgand. mechanism, including the knob 321for changing or shifting the range setting of the opticalidevice l8? from its normalsetting of 500 yards to 250 yards, said change simultaneously, then causing the image of the approaching speeding automobileto appear on said screen 'asa dual imageas depicted and indicated. at 2 I" and: 26in- Figure '1,

whereby at the time said speeding automobile reaches a distance of.250-yards from the ofiicer andsaid optical device, the 'images: 212 and: 28 0f saidapproaching speeder will, again then; be merged. into coincidence and a single. image'be displayed. on saidscreen at the distance of-,'2 50= yards,

- At the instant of the second occurrence of coincidence atsaid 250 yards distance, the operator then depresses the button 9| a second time toward the stop-watch for causing stoppage of the stop-watch mechanism and the indicator 83 rotated thereby. The'indicator 83 will then be adjacent one of the openings H or exactly over one, as the case may be. When' exactly over an opening II and over one set of numerals visible through said opening I the set of numerals thus pointed out, designates the speed of travel of the vehicle 1 under observation while said vehicle traversed a distance of 250 yards since the spacing of said sets of numerals is complementalto the time-lag between the starting and stopping of the indicator 83. As shown in Figure 6, the speeder would be traveling more than 150 miles per hour. V

The officer, upon observing that the vehicle did exceed the speed limit provided by law, then governs himself accordingly. The operator thenor later, again presses the button 9| for returning the indicator 83 to its normal position above the zero character 99 of the speed-dial, and said operator also releases the detent lever 49 with his finger for permitting the spring 43 to return the lens l8 to its normal position as shown in Figure 2, whereby the images projected through said lens and displayed on the screen 20, are merged into coincidence upon the screen at a distance of 500 yards away from said range-finder for use ,with a later speed computation of an oncoming vehicle,

Example 2 A suspected speeder is traveling away from the operator's stationary vehicle and the range-finder 0,.

The operator causes the indicator 83 to be in its normal position adjacent the zero character 99, by the means above described and manually rotates the knob 32, in the direction of the arrow 46, causing the lens I8 to shift toward the lens thereby causing the range-finder to be set for 250 yards; i. e., the lenses are thereby so arranged that images of the speeders vehicle will merge into coincidence at a distance of 250 yards from the range-finder Ill.

At the time the operator manually rotates the knob-housing 32, the latter is in the position shown in Figure 4, and the spring 42 is in the position shown in said figure by the solid-line position thereof, whereby the spring is urging the reach-rod 33 in the direction of the arrow 34, and upwardly. Since the spring 42 is so constructed, it is not strong enough to provide suffi- 'cient urge to overcome the weight of the rod 33,

whereby the rod 33 is not moved upwardly except at times when and by means of the operator pressing the button 9| for moving the plunger 86 downwardly, the outer end of the lever 93 upwardly, together with the rod 33.

Theofllcer then observes the screen 28, and at the instant the images 2| and 26 merge into coincidence, the oflicer then depresses the button 9|. for causing an actuation of the stop-watch mechanism, a rotation of the indicator 83 away from its normal stationary position at the zero character 99. At the time of said coincidence, the operator then presses the end '52 of the lever with his finger for permitting the spring 42 to rotate the knob 32 in a counter-clockwise direction, or a direction reverse to the arrow 46, for causing the' lens l8 to become correspondingly shifted toward the mirror I9, whereby the sett g of the range-finder is then for 500 yards distance: namely, the setting is such that at the time, images of the speeder again merge into coincidence the second time, the distance will be 500 yards from said ofiicer and the range-finder l0. During the time the speeder travels from said distance of 250 yards to the distance of 500 yards, images of the speeding vehicle appear dual as indicated at 2| and 26 in Figure 1, and at thetime of said second coincidenceof said dual images which is at said 500 yards distance from theoperator, the latter then presses the button 9| for locking the main spring of the stop watch mechanism, and also, simultaneously, of the indicator 83, whereby the latter is then above a certain one of the sets of numerals adjacent the perimeter of the speed-dial, whereby the speed of travel of the speeder is indicated for said 250 yards distance of travel.

Since the'button 9| has been pressed said sec- 0nd time, the range of the device I0 is thereby again changed from 500 to 250'yards, and for further use, the operator must'regulatethe deobserving thespeedometer I9 of his vehicle.-

suming' that his constant speed is 20 miles per hour, hethen manually rotates the node "16 so that the'numeral 20 of the node-is above the? zero character thereof for oncomin'g'tramc isin alignment with the line of demarcation 18, where by the discs 10A through K, are correspondingly rotated, as above described, for correspondinglyreducing the values-of the sets of numerals of said discs which then and thereby are'visible through the openings 1| of the, face-plate 68,for compensating for the rate of speed of his vehicle" in the final finding or equation, pointed fout by themdicator 83; saidcompensating having been 'consummated, the operationis' as abov'e'described for Example 1. I

Examplc4 A speedingvehicle is passing the operator the latters vehicle is in motion. The officer's vehicle is caused stant rate of speed or approximately so as above stated in Example 3 and the node 16, is 'then manipulated. Assuming that .the speedflot'ither operators vehicle is 30 miles per hour, the node Mi is rotated to cause the numeral 30 which appears below, for passing vehicles, the zero,char

acter of the node 16, to become in alignment with the line of demarcation 18, for rotating the discs 'lllA through K, correspondinglyfor compensate ing .for the speed of travel of theoflicers vehicle in, a forward direction at 30 miles per hour whereupon the, further parts of the operation are as above describedinExample 2. I v,

Example 5 A speeder is approaching an operatoriand the device, I ll isstationary, ,and said operator fails to notice said speeder until such'time as the speeder is at a distance which is less than 500 yards and more than 250 yards from the operator, the lat,-

ter, nevertheless, ascertains the speed of the,

speeder. The operator manipulates the knob'32 so that to travel at a con;

ideneeat 250e'a ds dis an e. a

t. the t me said ima s r ine d nee-at said-mas e ed dist ce; he e. car t an d re es 4. 1 s id mm. aet mebiie 11s sheet tic-P ss his and the device It), and at the instant of passi g, he depresses he "autism 9| a second time for causing stoppage of the indicator 83 above one of the sets of numerals on the perimeter of the dial for ascertaining the speed of the speeder.

Referring to Figure 8, the speed indicants or numerals generally indicated at 10 are disposed upon the disc 10E inclinedly, so that said numerals will appear approximatel horizontal through their respective openings 1 l, of the speeddial plate 68, and for said purpose, the numerals on the discs MG and NF are disposed transversely across the annular surface of said discs. The discs 10A through K are solely a convenience in translating the time required for the indicator 83 of the stop-watch to travel or swing from its normal, stationary position at 99, to a stopped position adjacent one of said discs, into milesperhour terms or rates of speeds, and for many uses, said discs and their adjunct part may be dispensed with.

Among other advantages of the invention, the latter is particularly efiicient in use at night-time in conjunction with oncoming automobiles in particular, since the headlights of motor vehicles blend into coincidence readily, and heretofore there has not been a dependable method or means for checking speeds of motor vehicles with the exception of the costly and dangerous manner of patrolmen trailing speeders at night as heretofore practiced;

From the foregoing description, it is thought to be obvious that a speed computator constructed in accordance with my invention is particularly well adapted for use by reason of the convenience and facility with which it may be assembled and operated, and it will also be obvious that my invention is susceptible of some change and modification without departing from the principles and spirit thereof, and for this reason I do not wish that it be understood as limiting myself to the precise arrangement and formation of the several parts herein shown in carrying out my invention in practice, except as claimed.

I claim:

1. In combination, a screen, a range finder cooperatively associated with said screen set to visibly display a light-ray image of a distant moving object on said screen and a display of said object having different characteristics with respect to an initial display at a difierent distance with respect to the combination and the first mentioned distance, operator controllable means for changing the setting of said range finder for selectively reversing the characteristics of said display at either of said distances, and a device responsive to a changing of the setting of said oinc dence at ad sfen aine eme t r. said aleject across the space between saidzdisjances,

2; Inccm inatien; as reen, arran e finder e0- nenatire, associated with; said: for visib y d splaying. dual l ht-ma ima es bit a mew. his obiect' on said screen; at times; when said b ectv moves: to; a: preselected; distance with: T8: nectte the combination and'aceineidentatim ge of said me in object on, said scre n eta certain. distance; spaced from. said: preselected distance, means for shifting a lenszof: said range finder for seleetirely E l 915mg; the, characteristics of; said; display on said; screen; at either of said distances, and; a device. for; timing a, movementof'said j st: assessthe: space between said distances;

An organization for indicating; the speed: of an.- obiect. while the; latter mevesbetween two. spaced apartrpositionseaeh of the positionslbes distant. from the organization; a. screemi a ra e fi der cooperatively associated-with; said screen; ,the normal range-setting of the lenses of said finder being such that dual light-ray images of said object are visibly displayed on said screen at a certain one of said positions, and such that said images blend into coincidence on said screen at the other of said positions during a movement of said object; manually actuatable means for shifting a lens of said range-finder for causing said images to blend into coincidence on said screen at said certain position and to display dual images of said moving object on said screen at the time of arrival of said object at said other position; and a device for measuring the length of time'which expires during which said object moves between said positions.

4. In an assembly for the purpose described, a screen, a range-finder set to visibly display dual light-ray images of a moving object on said screen at a time when said object is at a site distant with respect to the screen, means manually actuatable at said time for shifting a lens of said range-finder for causing said images to blend into a visible coincidence on said screen, a time measuring device, means responsive to a shifting of said lens for causing said device to initiate a time measurement, and means for arresting said measurement of time.

5. In an assembly for the purpose described, a screen, a range-finder having lenses set to visibly display dual light-ray replicas of a moving object on said screen, means for changing one of said lenses with respect to the other lenses of said range-finder for selectively causing said replicas to coincide in said display, a device for measur ing time, means for initiating the operation of said device responsive to an actuation of said lens changing means, and means for arresting the operation of said initiating means.

6. In an assembly for the purpose described, a screen, an optical device set to display a light-ray image of a moving object on said screen, a chronometer having a revolvable indicator, a dial having spaced apart sets of numerals thereon for representing speeds of a moving object in terms of miles per hour, the spacing of said sets being complemental to the length of a movement of said indicator with respect to said sets, operator controllable means for causing said device to change the initial characteristics of said display on said screen and to simultaneously cause said chronometer to revolve said indicator with respect to said sets, said controllable means being actuata-ble for stopping said indicator adjacent one of said sets for pointing out to an operator the length of'time said indicator'moves in terms of miles per hour.-

' 7. In an assembly for the purpose described, a screen, a range-finder set to visibly display lightray'images of a'moving object on said screen, a time measuringdevice having a revolvable indicator, a dial having spaced apart-sets of numerals thereon representing speeds of a moving object in terms of'miles per hour," the spacing of said sets being complemental to the length of a movement of said'indicator with respect to said sets, operator controllable means for causing said finder to change the characteristics of said display "and to simultaneously cause said device to revolve said indicator with respect to said sets, said controllable means being actuatable for stopping said indicator adjacent one of said sets for pointing 'out to an operator'the length of time saidindicator moves in terms of miles per hour.

8; Anrorganization for indicating the speed of an object while'the latter moves. between two spaced apart positions, each of the positions being distant from the organization, comprising a range finder having fixed and movable lenses, a

screen operatively associated with the range finder and lenses, the normal range setting of the lenses of said finder being such that dual light ray images of said object are visibly displayed on said screen at a certain one of said positions, and blending into coincidence on said screen at the other of said positions during a movement of said object, manually actuated means for shifting said movable lens for causing said images to blend on said screen in certain positions and to display dual images of said moving object on said screen at the time of arrival 01' said object at said other position, and means for measurin8 the length of time which expires between said positions.

JOHN R. N'IEMAN. 

